Absent In Class But Got Notes of Powerpoint

• Cleisthenes
• member of elite, very rich, crafty politician
• saw value of middle class, not women
• let middle class vote in gov
• citizens could participate, but only 1/5 were citizens (free adult male property owners born in Athens)
• Direct Democracy
• city-state ruled by citizens
• rule-based on citizens
• majority rules
• in agora, citizens argued, made speeches, then voted w/ white (yes) and black (no) stones
• first practiced in Athens under Cleisthenes by around 500 BCE
• Gods and Goddesses
• Poseidon (god of the sea) interfered with Odysseus trying to return home
• Aphrodite (goddess of love) had lovers of both gods and men
• Dionysus (god of wine) was son of Zeus (a god) and of Semele (a human princess)
• Zeus - ruler of heaven and earth; father of Athena; god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice; Had a temper and was known to hurl thunderbolts
• Athena - goddess of wisdom, skill, warfare, peace, intelligence, battle strategy, and handicrafts; she was born from Zeus' head fully formed and armored; patron of heroes and of Athens (city named after her)
• War
• warlike people; especially Spartans
• Spartans known for tough, ruthless, infantry: soldiers who fought on land
• Spartan boys trained since 7
• Athens - great infantry, but better navy
• trireme: most effective weapon
• teach marvel/ breakthru
• fastest ships
• rowed up to 170 men on 3 levels
• could be a battering ram
• agile and fast
• Phalinx group w/ long spires used ground defense
• Persian War
• Persians huge army, nearly unlimited resources
• Greeks fought for homeland; Persians were mercenaries